Désolé, cet article est seulement disponible en Kinyarwanda. Pour le confort de l’utilisateur, le contenu est affiché ci-dessous dans une autre langue. Vous pouvez cliquer le lien pour changer de langue active.

Nyuma yo gusoma Manifeste y’abahutu yose na manifeste y’abatutsi yose nkazirangiza nasanze ari ngombwa ko ngira icyo nzivugaho cyane cyane ko nasanze ibivuga n’abatutsi b’abahezanguni kuri manifeste y’abahutu ntaho bihuriye n’ukuri.  Nta hantu na hamwe muri manifeste y’abahutu hagaragaza urwango abahutu baba bafitiye abatutsi nta n’ikintu kidasanzwe manifeste y’abahutu ivuga uretse gusaba ko igihugu cyayoborwa muri demokarasi kandi akarengane ka rubanda kagacika.

Gusa uyu munsi ntabwo nzinduwe no kujya mu mizi byimbitse izi manifeste zombi, yaba iy’abahutu cyangwa iy’abatutsi . Ndaza kuzivuga mu inshamake noneho nerekane n’ibiri kuba uyu munsi mu Rwanda isano bifitanye nazo.  Noneho mu nyandiko z’ubutaha tuzajya mu mizi turebere hamwe imvo n’imvano y’izi manifeste zombi.

Bamwe mu banyarwanda basaritswe no kugoreka amateka y’u Rwanda kubera inyungu zabo bwite, bakunze kugaruka ku nyandiko yiswe manifeste y’abahutu ariko kenshi ntibanayivuga uko yari ahubwo bagerageze kuyitwerera amabi kandi ntaho ihuriye nayo kandi bakanirengagiza ko iyi manifeste y’abahutu yabanjirijwe na manifeste y’abatutsi b’abahezanguni. Manifeste y’abahutu ni nk’aho yari réaction kuri manifeste y’abatutsi

Muri make mu myaka ya za  1950 habayeho gahunda nyinshi zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’abanyarwanda bose, urugero nk’amatora yabaye mu 1952, ayo muri 1956 ndetse no muri 1954 aho umwami Rudahigwa yifuje guca ubuhake.

Zimwe mu ngaruka z’izi mpinduka twavuga  ni uko aya matora yo muri 1950 no muri 1956 yabayemo itekinika kuburyo  imyanya hafi ya yose yo munzego nkuru z’igihugu  yafashwe n’abatutsi, ikiboko gikaza umurego ndetse n’imisoro ya hato na hato ikaza umurego bitwaje ibinyoma ngo byo guteza  igihugu imbere. Ibi rero byatumye abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu ndetse n’abatutsi bake bo mu rwego rwo hasi  babishoboye bahunga iguhu n’abasigaye mu gihugu barushaho kumererwa nabi.

Bamwe mu bahutu bari barize batangiye gukanguka babonye nta ruhare bagira mu buzima bw’igihigu cyabo ruhwanye n’ubushobozi bumvaga bafite ahubwo abagize amahirwe ngo babonye imyanya ikaba iyo mu rwego rwo hasi mu gihe bene wabo ku misozi babagaho nk’abacakara mu bukene n’ubujiji bukabije niko gutangira kwisuganya ngo bamagane akarengane bagirirwa, n’ako bene wabo bagirirwa muri rusange.

Ku rundi ruhanda,  abatutsi n’ubwo ababiligi bari barabarekeye kubutegetsi ariko nabo ntabwo bari bishimiye kuba bavugirwamo n’ababiligi. Ababiligi basaga n’abatumye ububasha n’igitiro by’abatutsi bigabanuka, gutyo rero nabo bifuzaga ko ababiligi bava mu Rwanda noneho abatutsi bagasubirana ubutegetsi bwose.

Ni muri uru rwego abatutsi bandikiye komisiyo y’igenzura ya Loni yari iri mu ruzinduko mu Rwanda  inyandiko bise  «Mise au Point », tugenekereje mu kinyarwanda twayita « aho duhagaze cga se ibyo twifuza » cga mu cyongereza « focus« . Iyi nyandiko (manifeste y’abatutsi) yari ikubiyemo ibyo abatutsi bifuzaga cyane cyane gusaba ubwigenge bw’igihugu , kongerera umwami n’abasushefu ububasha, guteza u Rwanda imbere mu bukungu, gufungura kaminuza y’u Rwanda n’ibindi. Iyi nyandiko yatangajwe ku ya 22 ukwa kabiri mu 1957.

Twabibutsa ko muri iyi nyandiko  twakwita manifeste y’abatutsi  nta na hamwe yigeze igaragaza ko nibura akarengane umuhutu yari afite mu Rwanda ko kazigera kagabanuka ahubwo byaragaragara ko abahutu bagiye kurushaho kumererwa nabi mu gihe ababiligi bari kuba bavuye mu Rwanda umwami n’abasushefu bakongererwa ububasha. Urebye nanifeste y’abatutsi yibandaga cyane cyane ku bifitanye isano n’inyungu bwite aho kwita ku nyugu z’abaturage

Abarwanashyaka b’abahutu bamaze gusoma iyi manifeste y’abatutsi nibwo nabo batangaje inyandiko yabo yari ifite uyu mutwe « Note sur l’aspect social du problème racial indigène au Rwanda » yaje kwitwa manifeste y’abahutu. Iyi manifeste y’abahutu yatangajwe ku ya 24 Werurwa 1957 yanditswe na Maximilien Niyonzima, Grégoire Kayibanda, Claver Ndahayo, Isidore Nzeyimana, Calliope Mulindaha, Godefroy Sentama, Sylvestre Munyambonera, Joseph Sibomana  na Joseph Habyarimana Gitera

Muri make manifeste y’abahutu yemeraga bimwe mu byari bikubiye muri manifeste y ‘abatutsi nko guteza u Rwanda imbere mu bukungu, gushinga kaminuza y’u Rwanda n’ibindi. Ariko na none manifeste y’abahutu yanenganga bikomeye manifeste y’abatutsi  kuba itarigeze igira icyo ivuga ku isaranganywa ry’ubutegetsi n’ibindi byose bijyanye n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage kandi bari  baragaragaje kuva kera ko hari ibibazo bikeneye gukosorwa.

Abahutu bafashe manifeste y’abatutsi nk’urugamba abatutsi bari batangije rwo gupfukiranya ibibazo bari bamaze igihe bagaragaza  mu gihugu aho kubikemura ahubwo abatutsi bagatangurarwa bajya kwaka independance ngo babone ububasha bwo kuburizamo ibyo abahutu basabaga bijyanye no guca umuco w’ubusumbane  mu mibereho y’abaturage no kwikubira ibyiza by’igihugu  kw’abatutsi.

Ubutaha tuzagaruka kuri izi manifeste zombi, dusesengura byimbitse ibyari byanditswemo n’ingaruka zabyo cyane cyane ko muri rya tekinika n’uyu munsi tugihanganye naryo ryatumye abagaragaje ibibazo byariho icyo gihe bitiriwa ko aribo babikuruye. Zimwe mu ntagondwa z’abatutsi  zasabye umwami Rudahigwa kwica  Habyarimana Joseph Gitera wari ku isonga ry’abasabaga ko u Rwanda rwayoborwa muri demokarasi  kugirango hapfukiranwe ibyifuzo bya rubanda, ni uko Rudahigwa asubiza abo bahezanguni ati « aho kwica Gitera, nimwice ikibimutera ».

Umwanzuro

Nk’uko byagenze muri 1950 kugeza muri 1959, abahutu n’abatutsi badaheza inguni  bakeneye kwandika manifeste yabo nshya yo gusubiza ibyanditswe muri manifeste ya FPR n’agatsiko k’abatutsi baheza inguni kuko uyu munsi mu Rwanda abatutsi b’abahezanguni bafashe igihugu bikubira ibyiza byose, rubanda bayishyira ku kiboko no kuyicuza utwayo mu misoro ya hato na hato.

Rubanda iracurwa bufuni na buhoro uko bwije n’uko bukeye. Abantu baricwa ku manywa y’ihangu abandi bakaburirwa irengero. Ababishoboye kandi babonye aho banyura barahunga igihugu ndetse agatsiko k’abahezanguni b’abatutsi  kakanabakurikira iyo bahungiye bamwe bakicwa.

Mu Rwanda abagerageje kwerekana akababaro ka rubanda baricwa abandi bagafungwa nyamara FPR ibikora izi neza ko aho kwica gitera wakwica ikibimutera. Igihe ni iki rero ngo rubanda ihaguruke yandike manifeste yayo nshya.

Ni ah’ubutaha turebera hamwe ibyari muri izo manifeste zombi umurongo kuwundi.

Umusomyi w’Intabaza

Uwimana Festus